Throughout his career, Roland Barthes (1915-1980) had a complex and often uneasy relationship with theatre and performance. In Performance Degree Zero, Timothy Scheie argues that Barthes's body of work must be considered a lifelong engagement with theatre. Exploring his changing critical methodologies, Scheie provides a new understanding of the rapid shifts in critical modes Barthes traverses, from a Sartrean Marxism in the 1950s, through semiology, to French post-structuralism and the mournful introspection of his later years. The theatrical figure illuminates Barthes's accounts of the sign, the text, the body, homosexuality, love, the voice, photography, and other important and contested terms of his thought. "Performance Degree Zero" offers the first comprehensive account of Barthes's lifelong engagement with theatre and performance.